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| Herbal Substitutions-Rosemary can be substituted for any other herb
 -Rose for any flower
 -Frankincense or Copal for any gum or resin
 -Tobacco for any Poisonus herb
 -Bay leaves for any mixture that calls fot tobacco
 Acacia: Gum Arabic
 Aconite: Tobacco
 Arabic, Gum: Frankincense, Gum Mastic, Gum Tragacanth (for binding wet ingredients, not incense)
 Ammoniac, Gum: Asafoetida
 Asafoetida: Tobacco, Valarian
 Balm of Gilead: Rose buds, Gum Mastic
 Belladonna: Tobacco
 Benzoin: Gum Arabic, Gum Mastic
 Cachana: Angelica root
 Camphor Oil: Eucalyptus Oil, Lavender Oil
 Carnation: Rose Petals annointed with a few drops of Clove Oil
 Cassia: Cinnamon
 Castor Bean: A few drops of Castor oil
 Cedar: Sandalwood
 Cinquefoil: Clover, Trefoil
 Ciron: Equal parts of Orange and Lemon Peel
 Clove: Mace, Nutmeg
 Clover: Cinquefoil
 Copal: Frankincense, Cedar
 Cowbane: Tobacco
 Cypress: Juniper, Pine Needles
 Deers Tongue: Tonka Bean (not for internal use), Woodruff, Vanilla
 Dttany of Crete: Gum Mastic, 
Dragon's Blood; equal parts of Frankincense and Red Sandalwood
 Eucalyptus Oil: Camphor Oil, Lavender Oil 
Euphorbium Tobacco
 Frankincense: Copal, Pine Resin
 Galongal: Ginger Root
 Grains of Paradise: Black Pepper
 Gum Ammoniac: Asafoetida
 Gum Bdellium: Copal, Pine Resin, Dragons Blood
 Hellebore: Tobacco, Nettle
 Hemlock: Tobacco
 Hemp: Nutmeg, Damiana, Star anise, bay
 Henbane: Tobacco
 Hyssop: Lavender
 Ivy: Cinquefoil
 Jasmine: Rose
 Juniper: Dine
 Lavender: Rose
 Lemongrass: Lemon Peel
 Lemon Verbena: Lemongrass, Lemon Peel
 Mace: Nutmeg
 Mandrake: Tobacco
 Mastic, Gum: Gum Arabic, Frankincense
 Mint (any type): Sage
 Mistletoe: Mint, Sage
 Mugwort: Wormwood
 Neroli Oil: Orange Oil
 Nightshade: Tobacco
 Nutmeg: Mace, Cinnamon
 Oakmoss: Patchouly
 Orange: Tangerine Peel
 Orange Flowers: Orange Peel
 Patchouly: Oakmoss
 Peppermint: Spearmint
 Pepperwort: Rue, Grains of Paradise, black pepper
 Pine: Juniper
 Pine Resin: Frankincense, Copal
 Red Sandalwood: Sandalwood mixed with a pinch of Dragons Blood
 Rose: Yarrow
 Rose Geranium: Rose
 Rue: Rosemary mixed with a pinch of Black Pepper
 Saffron: Orange Peel
 Sandalwood: Cedar
 Sarsaparilla: Sassfras
 Sassfras: Sarsaparilla
 Spearmint: Peppermint
 Sulfur: Tobacco, Club Moss, Asafoetida
 Thyme: Rosemary
 Tobacco: Bay Leaves
 Tonka Bean: Deers Tongue, Woodruff, Vanilla Bean
 Trefoil: Cinquefoil
 Valerion: Asafoetida
 Vanilla: Woodruff, Deers Tongue, Tonka Bean
 Vetivert: Calamus
 Wolfsvane: Tobacco
 Wood Aloe: Sandalwood sprinkled with Ambergis Oil
 Woodruff: Deers Tongue, Vanilla
 Wormwood: Mugwort
 Yarrow: Rose
 Yew: Tobacco
 by Scott Cunningham
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